TSE-UNet: Temporal and Spatial Feature-Enhanced Point Cloud Super-Resolution Model for Mechanical LiDAR

The mechanical LiDAR sensor is crucial in autonomous vehicles. After projecting a 3D point cloud onto a 2D plane and employing a deep learning model for computation, accurate environmental perception information can be supplied to autonomous vehicles. Nevertheless, the vertical angular resolution of inexpensive multi-beam LiDAR is limited, constraining the perceptual and mobility range of mobile entities. To address this problem, we propose a point cloud super-resolution model in this paper. This model enhances the density of sparse point clouds acquired by LiDAR, consequently offering more precise environmental information for autonomous vehicles. Firstly, we collect two datasets for point cloud super-resolution, encompassing CARLA32-128in simulated environments and Ruby32-128 in real-world scenarios. Secondly, we propose a novel temporal and spatial feature-enhanced point cloud super-resolution model. This model leverages temporal feature attention aggregation modules and spatial feature enhancement modules to fully exploit point cloud features from adjacent timestamps, enhancing super-resolution accuracy. Ultimately, we validate the effectiveness of the proposed method through comparison experiments, ablation studies, and qualitative visualization experiments conducted on the CARLA32-128 and Ruby32-128 datasets. Notably, our method achieves a PSNR of 27.52 on CARLA32-128 and a PSNR of 24.82 on Ruby32-128, both of which are better than previous methods.