Intraosseous hemangioma with aneurysmal bone cyst-like changes of the hyoid bone: Case report and literature review

Rationale: Intraosseous hemangioma is a rare benign vascular tumor of the bone that can affect any body part; however, the most common site is the vertebra, followed by calvarial bones. Patient concerns: We present a case of intraosseous hemangioma in a 23-year-old male who presented a feeling of fullness in the throat for 3 months. The hyoid bone level had a hard mass of about 5 cm. Fine needle aspiration showed 5 mL dark bloody aspirates. Magnetic resonance image showed a 5.3 cm mixed signal intensity lesion in the hyoid body. Diagnosis: Histopathologic examination showed intraosseous hemangioma with aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC)-like changes in the hyoid bone. Interventions: The mass was completely removed without significant problems. Outcomes: Complete mass excision and symptomatic improvements were achieved, and no subsequent relapses were observed. Lessons: The authors experienced a case of intraosseous hemangioma with ABC-like changes. There has been no case report of intraosseous hemangioma in the hyoid bone. This case showed a spectral pattern of the ABC-like changes developing from the underlying bone tumor as a secondary change. ABC-like changes in bone tumors can mislead the diagnosis. Careful examination of the tumor is essential for the correct diagnosis of ABC or ABC-like changes.