Gastrointestinal Bleeding in Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Patients: A Comprehensive Analysis of Risk Factors and Clinical Outcomes

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is an intervention for severe heart and lung failure; however, it poses the risk of complications, including gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB). Comprehensive analyses of GIB in patients undergoing ECMO are limited, and its impact on clinical outcomes remains unclear.