The Role of Indian Naval Seaward Defence Boat T-56 in Operation Pawan (02-03 November 1987 C.E.)

Operation Pawan (1987–1990), a tri-service operation by the Indian Armed Forces, marked India’s significant involvement during the Sri Lankan ethnic conflict. While ground operations have been extensively documented, the role of the Indian Navy remains under-explored. This paper focuses on an operation undertaken by the Indian Naval Seaward Defence Boat (SDB) T-56’s mission on 02nd and 03rd November 1987, emphasising on its tactical ingenuity and resilience under hostile conditions. Tasked initially with transporting personnel, SDB T-56 found itself navigating volatile waters under enemy fire and safeguarding ground forces during an intense confrontation, showcasing adaptability, and the importance of military decision-making in real-time conflict scenarios. The study highlights challenges of the mission such as intelligence gaps, inter-service coordination issues, and operational constraints. The crew’s effective use of value-focused thinking and planned heuristics under duress ensured the successful evacuation of personnel without casualties. The application of manoeuvre warfare and mission command principles enabled the SDB T-56 to adapt swiftly and achieve tactical objectives in an asymmetric warfare environment. Drawing on archival records, operational reports, and first-hand accounts, this paper explores SDB T-56’s actions for broader implications in military strategy and decision-making in conflict zones, offering insights into the critical role of maritime forces in addressing humanitarian and security challenges.