Merging Scientific Knowledge and Operational Experience: Lessons Learnt in Applying a Fatigue Risk Management System to Ultra Long Range Operations Signal

Introduction: Fatigue Risk Management Systems (FRMSs) are utilized in the aviation industry to manage the fatigue risks associated with Ultra Long Range (ULR) operations. In these operations, fatigue risks are primarily created by very long flight and duty times which result in prolonged periods of wake and limited opportunities for sleep, operating the aircraft during the circadian nadir, and circadian disruption associated with large time zone changes. A key aspect of FRMSs is the combined use of scientific and operational knowledge to identify and manage fatigue risks. The integration of knowledge is described here in relation to the planning and operation of two ULR routes (Auckland-Chicago-Auckland and Auckland-New York-Auckland).