A Quantitative Analysis of Axillary Lymph Nodes

Abstract Background Axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) is common in breast cancer treatment but carries risks like lymphedema. While sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) often reduces the need for ALND, variability in lymph node number and size complicates surgical planning. This study aims to provide more precise data on axillary lymph node quantity and volume to guide surgical decisions and reduce morbidity. Methods Seventy-two embalmed cadavers donated to PCOM Georgia (2019–2023) were dissected to identify axillary lymph nodes using standardized anatomical landmarks. Nodes were tagged, measured, and recorded, with statistical analysis evaluating distribution by region. Results Node counts varied by region, with the pectoral region averaging 5.98 nodes and the humeral region 2.30. Total node volume ranged from 21.1–3770.3 mm³, though most fell within a narrower confidence interval (223.6–372.0 mm³). No significant differences were found by sex or side. Conclusions These findings reveal consistent lymph node counts across sex and laterality but notable regional variability. Narrow volume ranges support more standardized expectations in surgical planning and may improve staging accuracy and lymphedema prognosis.