Mapping four decades of research on sustainability accounting, sustainable finance, and governance: a bibliometric analysis and future directions

Purpose This study aims to perform a bibliometric analysis over four decades to examine the development of sustainability accounting, sustainable finance and governance studies. It analyzes research trends, critical intersections and identifies deficiencies, proposing future research questions based on recognized trends and gaps to enhance understanding in these domains. Design/methodology/approach This study used secondary data from Scopus and Web of Science, following the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) methodology, to explore sustainability accounting, sustainable finance and governance. A systematic search strategy with predefined criteria ensured relevant studies. Bibliometric analysis was performed using tools such as Bibliometrix and Vosviewer to examine research patterns, collaborations and emerging topics to predict future trends in the field. Findings This study highlights a 6.76% annual growth in sustainability accounting, finance and governance over the past 40 years. Key themes include environmental, social and governance (ESG) integration, sustainability reporting and governance. International collaboration, especially between the USA, China and Europe, is crucial. Challenges include lack of standardized metrics for small and medium enterprises and practical sustainability frameworks. Emerging topics are climate risk reporting and artificial intelligence (AI) in sustainability research. Practical implications Business leaders, investors and policymakers should integrate sustainability into financial practices, focusing on universal reporting frameworks and ESG strategies to drive sustainable goals. Regulatory frameworks should support financial systems aligning with Sustainable Development Goals and addressing global challenges such as climate change. Originality/value This research offers theoretical and practical insights into sustainability accounting, finance and governance, analyzing four decades of trends to reveal interdisciplinary intersections and gaps in knowledge and frameworks.