Community engagement is both a theoretical framework and a practical necessity for sustainable development. This article examines its foundations and methodologies through key frameworks such as Asset-Based Community Development (ABCD), Social Capital Theory, Arnstein’s Ladder of Citizen Participation, and the IAP2 Spectrum. It contrasts deficit-based models with asset-based strategies that empower communities as agents of change, highlighting how trust, networks, and participation foster resilience and accountability. Drawing from global case studies in health and education, it explores both the benefits and challenges of engagement in low-resource and culturally diverse contexts. The discussion emphasizes inclusivity, transparency, and long-term commitment as essential for transforming community participation into genuine co-creation and ownership.
Anna Neya Kazanskaia (2025) studied this question.