Сравнение Затраты Энергии При Селективном Восстановлении Железа Из Ильменитового Концентрата Угреродом Или Водородом

The main pyrometallurgical methods are one-stage electric smelting and the two-stage process according to the “tubular furnace – smelting unit” scheme. Both processing routes involve the use of carbon as a reducing agent, which in turn leads to the formation of metallic iron products and a titanium oxide concentrate based on anosovite – Ti₃O₅. The reduction roasting of ilmenite concentrate makes it possible to selectively reduce iron from ilmenite concentrate using both carbon and hydrogen, resulting in soft iron and a titanium oxide concentrate with a rutile structure – TiO₂. It has been shown that the process of carbothermic reduction of iron from ilmenite at 1300 ℃ proceeds according to the reaction: 3FeTiO₃ + 4C = 3Fe + Ti₃O₅ + 4CO. At a temperature of 900 ℃, the reduction of iron from ilmenite with carbon and hydrogen proceeds according to the reactions: FeTiO₃ + C = Fe + TiO₂ + CO, FeTiO₃ + H₂ = Fe + TiO₂ + H₂O. The results of energy consumption calculations are presented for the carbothermic reduction reactions at 1300 ℃ and 900 ℃, as well as for the hydrogen reduction at 900 ℃. According to the calculations, the lowest energy consumption is observed during the reduction of iron with hydrogen at 900 ℃, amounting to 215.81 kJ. At the same temperature, the total energy consumption for carbon reduction is 341.29 kJ. The total energy consumption for the reaction of ilmenite with carbon at 1300 ℃ amounts to 484.51 kJ. A comparison of the calculation results shows that the reduction of iron with hydrogen at 900 ℃ is 1.58 times less energy-intensive than carbothermic reduction at the same temperature, and 2.25 times less energy-intensive than carbothermic reduction at 1300 ℃. The carbothermic reduction of iron at 1300 ℃ requires even greater energy expenditure due to heating the charge to a higher temperature and the partial reduction of titanium to a lower oxide – anosovite (Ti₃O₅).