A detailed analysis of the Czernik 38 cluster and its associated tidal tail, utilizing Gaia DR3 and 2MASS

Abstract This study provides a thorough investigation of the open cluster Czernik 38, employing photometric and astrometric data from Gaia DR3 and 2MASS. Our analysis refines the fundamental parameters of the cluster, including its structure, kinematics, evolutionary status, age, and morphology. To evaluate membership, we utilized the pyUPMASK Python package in conjunction with the HDBSCAN algorithm. The main focus of this research is our novel method of assigning a membership probability at each radius, instead of using a singular value for the entire cluster. A primary conclusion from our research is the existence of a leading tidal tail within the cluster radius; however, it does not show a S-shaped arrangement (which would consist of a leading and a trailing tail). Furthermore, we have discovered a new star cluster located 32 arcminutes from the center of Czerink. This cluster may serve as a companion to the Czernik 38 cluster in a binary cluster system or a complex colliding system; we will explore this further in subsequent research. According to Gaia, the distance modulus of the cluster and the color excess E(G BP − G RP) are measured at 12.69± 0.08 mag and 2.40 ± 0.04 mas, respectively. Additionally, from 2Mass, the distance modulus is 12.87 ± 0.93 mag, while the color excess E(J − K s) is 0.89 ± 0.2 mag. Moreover, the cluster age is determined to be 115.0± 20.3 Myr. The components of proper motion (µ α cos δ , µ δ) and the parallax (ϖ) were found as-2.41 ± 0.328 mas yr −1 ,-5.263 ± 1.063 mas yr −1 , and 0.21 ± 0.083 mas, respectively. The calculated mean Gaia distances are roughly 3580.4 ± 230.5 pc, which is in agreement with the photometric data from the Gaia and 2Mass data, within the error. There are 37 stars that exhibit radial velocity with average 46.1 ± 8.54 km/s, which allows us to derive orbital parameters, using the galpy python package. As a result, the cluster is moving parallel to the Galactic plane towards the Galactic center.