Molecular-genetic identification of certain fruit tree mycopathogens transmitted by aphid vectors

This study focuses on the molecular-genetic identification of phytopathogenic fungi transmitted by aphids in fruit orchards. Specimens of Dysaphis and Hyalopterus aphids were collected from apple and plum trees respectively, and DNA was extracted using the SDS protocol. A two-step PCR method with species-specific primers targeting fungal pathogens (Monilinia spp., Penicillium spp., and Botrytis cinerea) was applied. Amplification products revealed the presence of P. chrysogenum, M. fructigena, and B. cinerea in samples from Hyalopterus, while Dysaphis samples tested negative for all target fungi. These results confirm that Hyalopterus aphids can act as vectors for both generalist and specialist phytopathogens at early stages of the growing season. The findings highlight the complex multi-level interactions between insect vectors, pathogens, and host plants in agroecosystems. Continuous monitoring and early detection of secondary fungal infections are essential for maintaining phytosanitary stability.