Revisiting Mengzi: An Ethical Examination of Voluntary Childlessness

“Voluntary childlessness” refers to the deliberate and permanent decision of an individual or couple to remain child-free. There are various reasons behind this choice, such as financial concerns, personal values, and the desire for autonomy. Some individuals prioritize personal freedom and the ability to manage their own time. However, societies often view voluntarily childless individuals as selfish, irresponsible, or immature, considering their decisions deviant. In ancient Chinese philosophy, thinkers like Mengzi discussed the importance of raising children. This study examines how Mengzi might respond to the modern phenomenon of voluntary childlessness. By analyzing Mengzi’s ethical views in the context of contemporary reasons for choosing not to have children, this article concludes that, although Mengzi lived in ancient China, he would place greater value on the compassionate and responsible rearing of children to become virtuous human beings than on viewing reproduction as a mere moral obligation. Thus, in certain cases, voluntary childlessness could be considered acceptable within Mengzi’s ethical framework. This study underscores the enduring relevance of Chinese philosophy in addressing modern social issues.