Neglect or Instrumentalization of Social Impact Assessment in Pakistan? Reflections on the 2025 Madni Mosque Demolition Case

Social Impact Assessment (SIA) remains marginalized in many developing contexts where Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is weakened by tokenistic participation, political expedience, and weak enforcement. In Pakistan, EIA regulations exist but lack explicit triggers for social dimensions, leaving consultation and resettlement largely discretionary. This article examines the 2025 demolition of the Madni Mosque in Islamabad as a critical case of SIA neglect and instrumentalization. Applying an audit framework derived from international benchmarks (World Bank ESS10, IFC Stakeholder Engagement, ADB Safeguard Policy), we assess compliance across disclosure, consultation, continuity planning, and grievance redress. Findings show that ‘consent’ was narrowly framed to include only mosque administrators. Broader community voices were excluded, and no baseline or alternatives were considered, and grievance pathways were absent. These omissions fueled public unrest, legal reversal, and reputational costs for authorities. The study advances the concept of enforcement framing as a mechanism that systematically bypasses social due diligence. We argue that even where formal EIA triggers are absent, proportionate SIA processes are indispensable for legitimacy and stability. Policy lessons emphasize embedding mandatory SIA triggers, inclusive engagement, grievance mechanisms, and resettlement planning into Pakistani law and practice, with broader implications for international IA systems confronting politically sensitive projects.