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October 12, 2025Scientific ReportsOpen Access

Prediction of recurrence using hematologic and urinary markers in intravesical Bacillus calmette Guerin treated bladder cancer

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Authors

MCMecit CelikMPMuhammed Emin PolatMKMustafa Karaaslan

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Overview

This study reports urinary immune cell ratios linked to recurrence in bladder cancer patients, suggesting potential biomarkers. Changes in hematologic parameters also play a role in prediction.

Key Points

  • T cell-dominant immune responses may help prevent bladder cancer recurrence, while an MDSCs-dominant environment increases risk.
  • Analysis revealed significant differences in ratios of neutrophils to T cells in recurrent patients, while non-recurrent groups showed a decrease in MDSCs/Total Cell ratio.
  • Urine samples before and after BCG treatment were analyzed for immune cell proportions using flow cytometry, indicating potential predictive biomarkers.
  • A total of 77 patients were followed for approximately 30 months, with 12 experiencing tumor recurrence and 65 remaining cancer-free.

Cite This Study

Celik et al. (2025) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/68ebc91af2c3e4d8d926e1f0https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-14974-1
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