Background: Thyroid dysfunction, particularly hypothyroidism, is commonly associated with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), as both conditions share similar metabolic pathways and risk factors. Hypothyroidism can worsen glycemic control and contribute to increased morbidity in diabetic patients. In India, hypothyroidism affects about 10% of the population, and its prevalence among diabetic patients varies widely. Aim: To assess the prevalence of hypothyroidism in patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and analyze its correlation with diabetes duration and HbA1c levels. This prospective observational study included 175 patients with T2DM attending a tertiary car Methodology: e center. Thyroid function was assessed using serum T3, T4, and TSH levels. Participants were classied as euthyroid, subclinical hypothyroid, or overt hypothyroid based on biochemical criteria. Data regarding age, gender, body mass index (BMI), duration of diabetes, HbA1c, and fasting blood glucose were collected and analyzed. Out of 175 patients, 82.86% were euthyroid, 11.43% had subclinical hypothyroidism, and Results: 5.71% had overt hypothyroidism, making the total hypothyroidism prevalence 17.14%. The mean HbA1c levels were signicantly higher in patients with thyroid dysfunction: 8.37 ± 1.63% in euthyroid, 8.92 ± 1.59% in subclinical hypothyroid, and 9.84 ± 1.72% in overt hypothyroid groups (p = 0.012). No signicant correlation was found between thyroid dysfunction and diabetes duration. Hypothyroidism Conclusion: is relatively common in patients with T2DM and is associated with poorer glycemic control. Regular screening for thyroid dysfunction in diabetic patients is recommended to facilitate early diagnosis and improve metabolic outcomes.
Sonawane et al. (2025) studied this question.