Design and performance enhancement of a magnetostrictive rotary energy harvester utilizing a multistable potential well structure with a dual-function bias magnetic field

This study presents a magnetostrictive rotary energy harvester that integrates a dual-function bias magnetic field with an adjustable coil-turn design. A magnetic mass block is mounted at the cantilever beam tip, where its nonlinear interaction with the bias field generates an asymmetric potential well. This configuration promotes low-frequency inter-well oscillations, enhances energy conversion, and preserves structural compactness. Coil-turn optimization further improves output performance. A dynamic model was developed using the Lagrangian method and magnetic field simulations to establish the quantitative relationship between beam deformation and output voltage. Experimental results confirm the harvester's high efficiency in low-frequency environments, demonstrating its potential to provide stable power for low-power electronic devices and highlighting its broad application prospects.