A biomimetic microneedle platform using neutrophil membrane for synergistic immune-antibacterial therapy of MRSA infection

Antibiotic resistance is a major public health concern. Although novel antibiotic techniques are now in progress, immunotherapy is an unconventional and efficient approach to against resistant pathogens. Herein, an integrated microneedle patch (ANMN) was designed to mediate antibacterial immunotherapy for the management of MRSA infection. When applying on the infected skin, microneedles could physically penetrate the biofilm barrier, helping the diffusion of antibiotic to kill the bacteria deep in the biofilm. Later on, neutrophil membrane tightly bound to the MRSA debris to enhance the phagocytosis of antigen-presenting cells and subsequently activate T helper cells. Naïve B cells are then differentiated to plasma cells or memory B cells to produce specific antibodies, thereby efficiently against infection and preventing relapse. Overall, the integrated microneedle, acting as the vaccine is an attractive system to protect people against resistant bacteria.