Evaluation of the economic viability of essential oil production from spent coffee grounds

Coffee consumption generates substantial amounts of spent coffee grounds (SCG), a residue with a high lipid content (12-16%) and significant potential for valorization. This study evaluates the economic feasibility of producing essential oil from SCG through Soxhlet extraction, using ethanol as a renewable and environmentally friendly solvent. The process allowed for solvent reuse across three cycles without compromising yield, achieving an average oil yield of 14.57% (437.1 mL per batch). The total capital investment was R$ 345,900.00, with monthly operating costs of R$ 176,000.00. Considering a monthly output of 100 L and 20% losses, 80 L were sold in 15 mL bottles at R$ 42.50 each, generating monthly revenues of R$ 226,400.00 and net profits of R$ 32,736.80. The Extended Multi-Index Methodology (EMIM), implemented via the $AVEPI tool, was used to assess economic viability. The project achieved a Net Present Value (NPV) of R$ 362,967.09, a Benefit-Cost Index (BCI) of 2.05, and a Return on Investment (ROIA) of 3.03%, with a payback period of 12 months. Sensitivity analysis confirmed the robustness of the project against variations in key economic parameters. These results underscore the economic and environmental feasibility of SCG valorization, reinforcing its alignment with circular economy principles and sustainable waste management strategies.