This research demonstrates the fabrication of a novel adsorbent for efficient removal of Cu2+ and Cd2+ from water, highlighting its superior stability and reusability.
Among natural biomass materials, pistachio shells (PSS) are a common nut waste, consisting of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. In this study, a novel terminal amino hyperbranched polyamide (HBPA)‐functionalized PSS waste adsorbent (PSS‐HBPA) was fabricated using butanedial as a cross‐linking agent. The adsorption performance of the PSS‐HBPA for individual Cu 2+ and Cd 2+ was systematically assessed. The results indicated that the PSS‐HBPA possessed rough surface morphology, high‐temperature resistance, and excellent stability. Moreover, the new PSS‐HBPA adsorbent exhibited desired adsorption and removal capabilities for Cu 2+ /Cd 2+ , which can be attributed to the coordination interactions between the heavy metal ions and the multiple functional groups (‐NH 2 /‐NH‐, C=N‐, C=O) present in the adsorbent. Under the optimized adsorption conditions (adsorbent dosage: 10 mg, initial metal ion concentration: 50 mg/L, solution pH: 5.0 for Cu 2+ or 6.5 for Cd 2+ ), the maximum adsorption capability of PSS‐HBPA for Cu 2+ and Cd 2+ was 842.25 mg/g and 743.05 mg/g, respectively. Furthermore, the adsorption processes of Cu 2+ and Cd 2+ were found to be more consistent with the Langmuir isotherm model and the pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model. After five consecutive cycles of adsorption and desorption, the fabricated PSS‐HBPA also exhibited an excellent removal rate (> 90%) for both metal ions. In addition, the fabricated PSS‐HBPA displayed excellent stability, high reusability, and good preparation reproducibility.
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Liu et al. (2025) studied this question.
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