Synchronization of BAM neural networks with discrete delays: a time-scale approach

In this paper, we establish two sufficient conditions for the synchronization of a novel class of bidirectional associative memory neural networks with discrete time delays on arbitrary time scales using the time scales theory and a unified feedback control strategy. The first condition is derived by constructing an appropriate Lyapunov functional to obtain time-delay-dependent criteria, while the second is established through direct analytical techniques, yielding time-domain-dependent conditions. Both are formulated as linear inequalities to facilitate practical verification. Additionally, a systematic method is proposed for computing the required feedback control gains. The effectiveness and broader applicability of the approach are demonstrated through numerical simulations on various time scales, including benchmark examples from the literature.