Analysis of Abdominal Muscle Strength on Pain and Lumbar Disability in Female Students at SMA Dwijendra: A Cross-Sectional Study

Introduction: Dysmenorrhea often involves lower back pain, affecting functionality. Abdominal muscles play a crucial role in maintaining stability and posture. In dysmenorrhea, strong abdominal muscles can reduce lumbar tension and pain intensity during menstruation. This study explores the relationship between abdominal muscle strength, pain intensity, and lumbar functional disability in female students with dysmenorrhea. Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted at SMA Dwijendra Denpasar with 117 female students with dysmenorrhea. Data were collected using a sphygmomanometer to measure abdominal muscle strength by placing the device under the lower back and recording pressure during muscle contraction. Pain intensity was measured using the NRS, and lumbar functional disability was assessed with the Modified Oswestry Disability Index. Results: Spearman rho analysis showed a significant relationship between abdominal muscle strength and dysmenorrhea pain intensity (p=0.000, r= -0.643) and between abdominal muscle strength and lumbar functional disability (p=0.000, r = -0.651). The Spearman rho test provided significant correlation values, offering statistical evidence of the relationships among the variables. Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between abdominal muscle strength, pain intensity, and lumbar functional disability in female students with dysmenorrhea. These findings suggest that schools integrate physical exercise programs focusing on abdominal muscle strengthening into the physical education curriculum to reduce dysmenorrhea's negative impact on young women’s lives.