Association of lipid accumulation product, visceral adiposity index and endometriosis: A cross-sectional study from the 1999–2006 NHANES

Introduction: Endometriosis (EMS) is a common gynaecological disorder linked to metabolic disturbances. However, evidence on the associations between lipid accumulation product (LAP) and visceral adiposity index (VAI) with the risk of EMS remains limited. This study aimed to explore the potential associations between LAP, VAI and EMS. Methods: Data were obtained from the 1999–2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), including a total of 2046 samples. Weighted multivariable logistic regression models and smoothed curve fitting were used to assess the associations between LAP, VAI and EMS. Additionally, subgroup analyses and interaction tests were conducted to evaluate intergroup differences in the associations between LAP, VAI and EMS. Results: In the fully adjusted model, higher Log₂ LAP (odds ratio [OR] 1.256, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.102–1.431, P=0.0014) and Log₂ VAI (OR 1.287, 95% CI 1.105–1.498, P=0.0022) were significantly associated with increased EMS risk. Participants in the highest quartile of Log₂ LAP (OR 1.983, P=0.0029) and Log₂ VAI (OR 1.690, P=0.0486) had a higher risk of EMS. Subgroup analysis showed stronger associations among women with diabetes (Log₂ LAP OR 3.681, P=0.009; Log₂ VAI OR 4.849, P=0.041). Conclusion: Elevated LAP and VAI were independently associated with an increased risk of EMS. LAP and VAI may serve as potential indicators for assessing EMS-related risk, suggesting that visceral obesity and lipid metabolic disturbances might play roles in the pathophysiological process of EMS. These findings underscore the potential of LAP and VAI as non-invasive markers for EMS risk, warranting further validation in clinical settings.