Observational analysis reveals multiplicity dependence of flow harmonics in small systems, indicating collectivity aspects.
EPOS4 is based on a sophisticated (recently significantly improved) parallel-primary-scattering scenario followed by a hydrodynamic expansion, for all collision systems, from small ones such as proton-proton ($pp$) to big ones such as lead-lead (PbPb). Having already reported on identified particle spectra in recent publications (providing information about radial flow), I discuss here the multiplicity dependence of multi-particle cumulants and flow harmonics, to better understand collectivity in small systems. The model is not particularly tuned for flow results, but it is a "general purpose" approach, trying to accommodate various types of observables with the same model.
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K. Werner (2025) studied this question.
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