Maternal inheritance: A newpathway for the industrialization of plant breeding

Animaginecharacter named CMS found in different plant species and has been utilized in hybrid cultivars development. CMS is linked to incorporation of specific fertility restoring genes, which are donated by the restorer line. In recent years, efforts to understand the factors inducing sterility and the associated fertility determinants (Rf) in plants. The creation of hybrids utilizing a CMS line has been successfully adopted across various plants. In addition, CMS can be engineered by currently developed CRISPR-Casgene editing, which allows for the knockout of specific genes responsible for male gamete development. Anenvironment-insensitive genic male system known as 3rd-generation hybrid rice technology (TGHRT) is effectively addressing the inherent challenges of two-line as well as three-line systems. Hence, the inception of TGHRT, a multitude of discoveries and innovations have emerged. This review triesto provide insights into the mechanisms underlying the development of CMS, along with their potential and future prospects in the industrialization of plant breeding.