Gait Cycle Duration Analysis in Lower Limb Amputees Using an IoT-Based Photonic Wearable Sensor

The sensor effectively detected mid-stance events and adapted to variations in gait cadence. Comparison with Kinovea® showed a reasonable agreement, with most relative differences under 13%. Both methods identified similar gait symmetry trends. The results confirm the feasibility of the proposed system for real-time gait assessment across different walking speeds. Although preliminary, this validation supports the potential of the device as a low-cost, portable, and objective tool for functional evaluation in prosthetic rehabilitation. Further studies are needed to expand validation with clinical populations and laboratory-grade reference systems..