Compreendendo a origem dos paragangliomas

Introduction: Paragangliomas are rare, slow-growing neuroendocrine tumors, often grouped with pheochromocytomas due to their cellular similarities. They arise from neural crest cells and can be found within the sympathetic or parasympathetic nervous systems, with varied clinical presentations, depending on their location and functionality. Objective: To prepare a comprehensive review of paragangliomas in the context of neurosurgery. Method: The review used the PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases. Studies on epidemiology, pathophysiology, genetic characteristics and clinical manifestations were included. Inclusion criteria included clinical studies, systematic reviews and case studies published between 2000 and 2023. The analysis focused on the neurosurgical aspects of treatment, associated risks and advances in the diagnosis and management of these neoplasms. Result: 68 articles that focused on the topic referred to in this review were included. Conclusion: Although they are predominantly benign, approximately 10% present malignant behavior. Its highly vascularized nature and proximity to critical neurovascular structures present surgical challenges. Genetic testing, especially for SDH gene mutations, plays an important role in directing management and assessing the risk of malignancy.