Enhancing Bridge Resilience and Sustainability by Assessing Material Durability and Preservation in Wet-Freeze Zones

Abstract This study analyzes the historical and future deterioration of concrete, steel, and prestressed concrete bridges in wet-freeze zones using National Bridge Inventory (NBI) data from 1993–2024 and predictive survival models through 2070. Results show that prestressed concrete bridges are the most durable. Survival modeling under limited (PHDM-L) and maximum (MPM) preservation strategies highlights the impact of maintenance. Without adequate preservation, all bridge types decline significantly, while maximum preservation extends lifespan and maintains structural integrity. The findings emphasize the need for proactive maintenance and material selection. Prioritizing prestressed concrete for new construction can enhance sustainability and reduce long-term costs.