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October 18, 2025Open Access

Economic Sciences: Between Epistemological Choices and Methodological Challenges

CRCHAABITA Rachid EOELKHALFI Oussama ZKZakeria Kamal

Key Points

The article clarifies how epistemological choices affect the methods and results in economic sciences, promoting informed decision-making.
It discusses dominant paradigms like positivism and interpretivism, emphasizing their roles in shaping research methodologies and outcomes.
Comparative insights with management sciences and empirical examples illustrate the relevance of these paradigms in real-world contexts.
Reflections on the evolution of economic methods underline the importance of aligning theoretical frameworks with research objects.

Abstract

The epistemology of economic sciences questions the nature of the knowledge produced, its foundations, and its implications for research and public policy. The dominant paradigms— positivism, interpretivism, constructivism, and more recently critical realism—shape the methods used and influence the validity of results. This article aims to clarify these stances in order to guide the researcher in economics when choosing a coherent position between research object, theoretical framework, and methodology. We also propose comparisons with management sciences, recent empirical illustrations (financial crisis, digital economy, ecological transition), and a reflection on the future evolution of economic methods.

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