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October 18, 2025Astronomy and Astrophysics3 citations

Detection and characterisation of a 106-day transiting Jupiter: TOI-2449 b / NGTS-36 b

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SUSolène Ulmer-MollSGSamuel GillRBR. Brahm

Key Points

  • TOI-2449 b has a mass of 0.70 MJ and a radius of 1.001 RJ, revealing its characteristics as a giant exoplanet.
  • The planet orbits at a semi-major axis of 0.449 au and exhibits a slight eccentricity of 0.098, impacting its atmospheric conditions.
  • Using the Next Generation Transit Survey, additional transits were detected to better understand TOI-2449 b's orbital behavior.
  • The study shows that TOI-2449 b's composition includes 11 M⊕ of heavy elements, suggesting significant metal enrichment relative to its host star.

Abstract

Only a handful of transiting giant exoplanets with orbital periods longer than 100 days are known. These warm exoplanets are valuable objects, as their radius and mass can be measured and lead to an in-depth characterisation of the planet's properties. Thanks to low levels of stellar irradiation and large orbital distances, the atmospheric properties and orbital parameters of warm exoplanets remain relatively unaltered by their host star, giving new insights into planetary formation and evolution. Our aim is to increase the sample of warm giant exoplanets with precise radii and masses. Our goal is to identify suitable candidates in the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite data and perform follow-up observations with ground-based instruments. We used the Next Generation Transit Survey (NGTS) to detect additional transits of planetary candidates in order to pinpoint their orbital period. We also monitored the target with several high-resolution spectrographs to measure the planetary mass and eccentricity. We studied the planet's interior composition with a planetary evolution code to determine the planet's metallicity. We report the discovery of a 106-day period Jupiter-sized planet around the G-type star / NGTS-36. We jointly modelled the photometric and radial velocity data and find that the planet has a mass of ̊m 0. 70^ M_ J and a radius of ̊m 1. 001±0. 009, R_ J. The planetary orbit has a semi-major axis of 0. 449 au and is slightly eccentric (rm e=0. 098^). We detected an additional 3-year signal in the radial velocity data that is likely due to the stellar magnetic cycle. Based on the planetary evolution models considered here, we find that / NGTS-36, b contains 11^, M_⊕ of heavy elements and has a marginal planet-to-star metal enrichment of 3. 3^. Assuming a Jupiter-like bond albedo / NGTS-36, b has an equilibrium temperature of 400, K and is a good target for understanding nitrogen chemistry in cooler atmospheres.

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Cite This Study

Ulmer-Moll et al. (2025) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/68f3793258f37cefb60d36ffhttps://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202555168
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