Research Advances in High-Risk Factors for Recurrence of Endometrial Polyps

Endometrial polyps, as common benign endometrial hyperplastic disorders in gynecology, present a significant clinical challenge. Although polypectomy under hysteroscopic visualization is the standard treatment, the high postoperative recurrence rate remains a major focus and difficulty in clinical management. Relevant research indicates that polyp recurrence stems not from a single factor, but involves complex and interrelated multifactorial synergistic mechanisms. Hormonal imbalances and dysregulation of cellular proliferation and apoptosis directly or indirectly contribute to EP formation. Immune dysregulation and inflammatory responses may induce endometrial hyperplasia, while alterations in the local endometrial microenvironment are also closely associated with polyp development. Furthermore, components of metabolic syndrome have been confirmed as independent risk factors for EP recurrence. However, the relationships between these high-risk factors and the high recurrence rate of EPs, as well as their interactions, still require thorough validation and elucidation through large-scale, multicenter studies. This article systematically reviews the correlation between relevant clinical high-risk factors and EP recurrence, along with the latest research advances in their potential underlying mechanisms. It aims to establish a comprehensive and solid theoretical foundation for clinically precise prevention and early intervention against EP recurrence, ultimately aiming to effectively reduce the recurrence rate of endometrial polyps, optimize patient management strategies, improve prognosis, and enhance long-term quality of life.