The Defense of Women's Rights in QS. al-Nisā' 4: 34 (Analysis Asbāb al-Nuzūl in Tafsīr al-Qurthubī)

QS. al-Nisā' 4: 34 is verse that is often at the center of discussions about gender relations in Islam. This verse contains the concept of qawwāmah, which is the responsibility of men over women, as well as the term daraba, which is often misunderstood as the role of women, and the term daraba, which is often misunderstood as a justification for domestic violence justification of domestic violence. This research aims to analyze women's rights and gender equality by examining the verse's Asbāb al-Nuzūl of this verse and the interpretation in Tafsīr al-Qurtubī. With qualitative method based on a literature study, this research explores the classical views in Tafsīr al-Qurtubī and contextualizes them in contemporary discourse on gender justice contemporary discourse on gender justice. The results of the study show that: 1) Asbāb al-Nuzūl QS. al-Nisā' 4: 34 provides an overview about the transformation of Islam in improving gender relations that were previously dominated by the patriarchal system dominated by the patriarchal system. 2) Tafsīr al-Qurthubī interprets qawwamah as men's responsibility over women based on their financial role and protection in the household, while still prioritizing the values of justice protection in the household, but still prioritizes the values of justice and compassion and compassion. 3) The term daraba in this tafsir is understood as physical action that is very limited, but requires a re-reading to avoid interpretations that legitimize violence. This research confirms that Tafsīr al-Qurthubī, although rooted in the medieval context, has basic principles that can support the understanding of violence medieval context, has basic principles that can support an understanding of women's rights in Islam, such as of women's rights in Islam, such as justice, favorable treatment, and respect for women's dignity. This approach opens up space for a more contextual reinterpretation, making Islam a religion that emphasizes gender harmony, religion that prioritizes gender harmony and upholds human values humanity.