Recovery of motor and sensory functions using umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells in post-surgical axonotmesis of the left axillary nerve: A case report

Axonotmesis often results from trauma, leading to functional impairment, usually managed through physical therapy and pain management; however, outcomes can be unpredictable. This case report is based on the use of umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs) for nerve regeneration and functional recovery. We aimed to provide a novel application of UC-MSCs in promoting motor and sensory recovery following post-surgical axonotmesis, and to share the experience with this potential regenerative strategy for peripheral nerve injuries. A 48-year-old male microsurgeon suffered a humerus fracture and subsequent axillary nerve lesion compatible with axonotmesis, experiencing limited mobility and muscle strength, despite undergoing physical therapy. Given the patient’s professional demands and incomplete recovery, perineural and intramuscular administration of UC-MSCs was employed as a novel approach, resulting in significant improvements in shoulder mobility and muscle strength within 6 days, with continued progress over the subsequent 6 weeks. Improved nerve conduction and electromyography findings with no adverse events reported 4 months after the intervention. This case demonstrates the promising role of UC-MSCs in treating axonotmesis, through rapid and significant functional recovery post-treatment, particularly when conventional therapy fails to yield satisfactory results.