A Comparative Study of One-Inch Incision-Mesh Plug and Laparoscopic TAPP Techniques in the Surgical Repair of Primary Indirect Inguinal Hernia

Background: Inguinal hernia repair remains one of the most commonly performed general surgical procedures. With advancements in minimally invasive techniques, both the open and laparoscopic approaches have evolved. This study compares the clinical outcomes, complications, operative time, and recovery between the one-inch incision-mesh plug (MP) technique and the laparoscopic trans-abdominal preperitoneal (TAPP) approach in patients with primary indirect inguinal hernia. Methods: This prospective randomized study was conducted from February 2019 to January 2021 at Department of General Surgery in Patna Medical College and Hospital, Patna, Bihar, India. A total of 120 patients with primary indirect inguinal hernias were randomly assigned to two groups: Group A (n=60) underwent one-inch incisionmesh plug repair, and Group B (n=60) underwent laparoscopic TAPP repair. Various parameters including operative time, postoperative pain, hospital stay, return to normal activity, and complications were assessed and compared. Results: Patients in the mesh plug group had significantly shorter operative time and hospital stay. However, those in the TAPP group experienced less postoperative pain and an earlier return to daily activities. There were no significant differences in recurrence rates or long-term complications between the two groups. Seroma formation was more common in the TAPP group, while wound-related complications were slightly higher in the mesh plug group. Conclusion: Both the one-inch incision-mesh plug and laparoscopic TAPP techniques are safe and effective for the treatment of primary indirect inguinal hernia. The mesh plug technique offers advantages in terms of operative time and cost, while TAPP provides superior postoperative comfort and cosmesis. The choice of technique should be tailored based on patient preference, clinical condition, and surgical expertise.