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This paper provides critical design characteristics and manufacturing considerations for multi-pendulum bearings, suggesting methods to enhance stability and safety.
The present paper summarizes critical isolator manufacturing considerations and design characteristics required to reliably ensure the targeted response of adaptive, multi-pendulum bearings consisting of several components and sliding surfaces and to prevent undesirable isolator failure modes or instabilities under different axial-lateral load combinations. Also discussed herein are the main features of the widely implemented Triple PendulumTM isolator by Earthquake Protection Systems, Inc. (the original inventor of the friction pendulum technology), its constitutive models, and its multi-linear, staged response that have enabled effective decoupling of structures from damaging horizontal ground motion components. Finally, special design and isolator implementation recommendations are provided related to safety margins or measures preventing collapse and ensuring continued post-earthquake functionality.
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Aviram et al. (2025) studied this question.
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