What does ChatGPT know about Migraine? A comparative-descriptive analysis

Background The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into medical education and clinical decision-making is rapidly expanding. ChatGPT-4o, a multimodal AI model, offers real-time access to a vast corpus of biomedical knowledge. Nonetheless, concerns persist regarding the scientific accuracy and interpretive reliability of its responses when applied to clinical subjects such as migraine. Aim To assess the reliability and factual accuracy of ChatGPT-4o when addressing key clinical questions regarding migraine. Methods Eight clinically relevant questions were submitted to ChatGPT-4o, covering migraine pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment. Each response was compared with current evidence from high-impact medical literature and rated as satisfactory, partially satisfactory or unsatisfactory. Classifications were based on conceptual accuracy, reference validity and clinical coherence. Results Of the eight responses analyzed, 62.5% were classified as satisfactory, while 37.5% were deemed partially satisfactory. No response was considered entirely unsatisfactory. The most common limitations included reference-related AI hallucinations and insufficient technical depth in selected answers. Conclusions ChatGPT-4o demonstrates potential as a support tool in the dissemination of structured medical information about migraine. However, its clinical use must remain supervised by professionals, given its limitations in bibliographic precision and interpretive nuance.