Justice Post‐Tutsi Genocide in Rwanda: When “Community Service” Fails to Repair the Damage Suffered by Survivors and the Torn Social Fabric

World AffairsVolume 188, Issue 4 e270035 COMMENTARY Justice Post-Tutsi Genocide in Rwanda: When "Community Service" Fails to Repair the Damage Suffered by Survivors and the Torn Social Fabric Philibert Muzima, Corresponding Author Philibert Muzima email protected email protected orcid. org/0009-0001-0791-2964 Saint Paul University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada Correspondence: Philibert Muzima (email protected; email protected) Search for more papers by this author Philibert Muzima, Corresponding Author Philibert Muzima email protected email protected orcid. org/0009-0001-0791-2964 Saint Paul University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada Correspondence: Philibert Muzima (email protected; email protected) Search for more papers by this author First published: 17 October 2025 https: //doi. org/10. 1002/waf2. 70035Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article. I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more. Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookxLinkedInRedditWechatBluesky References Fondation Hirondelle. (n. d. ). http: //www. hirondellenews. com/fr/tpirrwanda/172-politiquesociete/34766-300714-rwandagenocide-genocide--30-000-condamnes-aux-travaux-dinteret-general-ont-disparu-dans-la-nature. Google Scholar Gasake, A. 2014. Twenty Years Later, a New Momentum to Provide Reparation for Genocide Victims in Rwanda. Redress Pan-African Reparation Initiative. Google Scholar Human Rights Watch. 2011. "Justice Compromised: The Legacy of Rwanda's Community-Based Gacaca Courts. " Human Rights Watch. https: //www. hrw. org/report/2011/05/31/justice-compromised/legacy-rwandas-community-based-gacaca-courts. Google Scholar Melvern, L. 2004. Conspiracy to Murder: The Rwandan Genocide. Verso. Google Scholar Melvern, L. 2024. A People Betrayed: The Role of the West in Rwanda's Genocide. Bloomsbury. 10. 5040/9781350409675 Google Scholar Musabyimana, G. 2009. "Travaux d'intérêt général: le Rwanda pratique un système d'apartheid. Septembre. Le Rwanda pratique un système d'apartheid | Actualité/informations et documentation socio-politiques sur le Rwanda. " musabyimana. net. Google Scholar Ngari, A. 2020. "Pour les victimes, les réparations importent autant que le procès de Kabuga. " Institut d'études de sécurit-é, June 1. Pour les victimes, les réparations importent autant que le procès de Kabuga. ISS Africa. Google Scholar Penal Reform International. 2007. "Monitoring and Research Report on the Gacaca: Community Service (TIG) Areas of Reflection. " Penal Reform International. https: //cdn. penalreform. org/wp-content/uploads/2007/06/rep-ga9-2007-community-service-en₀. pdf. Google Scholar Penal Reform International. 2010. "Eight Years On…: A Record of Gacaca Monitoring in Rwanda. " https: //www. penalreform. org/resource/years-ona-record-gacaca-monitoring-rwanda/. Google Scholar Rugiririza, E. 2007. Rwanda/Justice - Les Travaux d'Intérêt Général avant la prison ferme. Fondation Hirondelle. Google Scholar Rwanda Correctional Service (RCS). 2024: "Over Rwf40 Billion Saved Through TIG – Rwanda Correctional Service. " rcs. gov. rw. Google Scholar Sampson, X. 2024. "30 ans plus tard, quelle justice pour les victimes du génocide au Rwanda? " Radio Canada, April 7. sur 30 ans plus tard, quelle justice pour les victimes du génocide au Rwanda? | Radio-Canada. Google Scholar The New Humanitarian. 2006. Rwanda: Des milliers de génocidaires condamnés à des peines de travaux d'intérêt général. IRIN. Google Scholar The New Humanitarian. 2010. "Justice in Action: A Gacaca Court Near Kigali. " Google Scholar Thomson, S. 2011. "Whispering Truth to Power: The Everyday Resistance of Rwandan Peasants to Post-Genocide Reconciliation. " African Affairs 110, no. 440: 439–456. 10. 1093/afraf/adr021 Web of Science® Google Scholar Zoppetti, A. 2001. "Éclairage. Au Rwanda, retour à la justice coutumière de la «gacaca». " Le Temps. Google Scholar Volume188, Issue4Winter 2025e270035 ReferencesRelatedInformation