Power Grid Fault Location Method Based on Variational Mode Decomposition and Symmetric Pulse Injection with Teager Operator

Precise fault localization is vital for enhancing power grid reliability, reducing outage duration, and lowering maintenance expenses. This paper presents a fast and effective method that utilizes the application of voltage pulses with opposing polarities and identical durations to the transmission line. Analysis of traveling wave propagation under both normal and fault conditions indicates that the initial voltage wave observed in the non-injected phase stems from reflections at the fault point. The arrival time of the wavefront is accurately determined using variational mode decomposition (VMD) combined with the Teager energy operator (TEO) to pinpoint the fault location. Simulations conducted in PSCAD validate the efficacy of the proposed approach. This method demonstrates advantages including straightforward implementation, swift response, and superior accuracy compared to conventional techniques.