Mechanisms of Mitochondrial Impairment by SARS-CoV-2 Proteins: A Nexus of Pathogenesis with Significant Biochemical and Clinical Implications

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) closely interacts with host cellular mechanisms, with mitochondria playing a crucial role in this process. As essential organelles that control cellular energy production, apoptosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism, and innate immune responses, mitochondria are vital to the development of COVID-19. However, the exact molecular interactions between mitochondria and SARS-CoV-2 remain under active investigation. Gaining a comprehensive understanding of mitochondrial involvement in SARS-CoV-2 infection is therefore essential for uncovering complex disease mechanisms, identifying prognostic biomarkers, and developing effective treatments. Ultimately, exploring these virus–host interactions may provide new insights into the fundamental and complex aspects of mitochondrial physiology and pathophysiology.