A Demographic and Forensic Analysis of Thermal Burn Fatalities: An Autopsy-Based Study in Kolhapur District

Background:Thermal burns remain a major public health concern in developing countries, with significant mortality and medico-legal implications. Regional studies are essential for understanding the unique demographic and forensic patterns that influence outcomes. Objective:To analyze the demographic profile, manner of death, extent of burns, and survival patterns among thermal burn victims subjected to medicolegal autopsy in Kolhapur district. Methods:A retrospective observational study was conducted over a defined period, examining 475 autopsy cases of thermal burn deaths at a tertiary healthcare center in Kolhapur district. Data were analyzed for age, sex, total body surface area (TBSA) involved, manner of death, survival duration, seasonal trends, and urban-rural distribution. Results:Out of 475 cases, females accounted for 63.7% of burn deaths. The most affected age group was 21–30 years (31.7%). Accidental burns were the predominant manner of death (73.9%). TBSA involvement >80% was observed in 48% of cases. A majority of deaths occurred within 1–3 days post-injury. Rural areas and winter season showed a higher incidence. Conclusion:The study highlights a high prevalence of thermal burn deaths among young rural females in Kolhapur, often with extensive TBSA involvement and limited survival duration. These findings underscore the urgent need for improved burn prevention strategies, timely medical care, and region-specific public health interventions.