This review shows 10-dimensional conservation laws for photons in Lorentz-covariant frameworks, indicating gauge-invariant definitions.
We review the formulation of a Lorentz-covariant bispinorial wave function and wave equation for a single photon on a flat background. We show the existence of a 10-dimensional set of conservation laws for this equation, and prove that 8 of these can be used to obtain global, gauge-invariant, ADM-like quantities that together define a covariantly constant self-dual bispinor.
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Kiessling et al. (2025) studied this question.
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