Solving the NIPT optimal timing problem based on NSGA-II

This study addresses the optimal timing of noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT) testing. A multi-objective optimization model centered on minimizing testing error and maternal and fetal risk was established and solved using the NSGA-II algorithm. Results demonstrated that the model effectively reflects the optimal gestational age distribution across populations with varying BMIs (BMIs). The optimal timing for NIPT testing was 18.63 weeks for those with a BMI ≥ 38.3, 23.74 weeks for those with a BMI 28.6–34.5, and 24.72 weeks for those with a BMI 20.0-28.6. With increasing iterations, the uniformity and diversity of the Pareto front significantly improved, and the HV index continued to rise. Monte Carlo perturbation and sensitivity analyses validated the model's stability and robustness, with BMI having the greatest impact on the results. Overall, the NSGA-II-based model effectively addresses the optimal timing of NIPT testing, providing accurate and reliable results and providing an effective quantitative basis for stratified and personalized testing.