Research Progress on Iron Uptake and Homeostasis Regulation Mechanisms in Soybean

As an important grain and oil crop, the yield and quality of soybean are profoundly influenced by iron supply. Iron not only participates in key physiological processes such as photosynthesis, respiratory metabolism, and antioxidant defense, but also serves as a core component of nitro-genase and leghaemoglobin in the symbiotic nitrogen fixation system of legumes, exerting a de-cisive effect on nodule formation and nitrogen fixation efficiency. This article systematically re-views the molecular mechanisms underlying iron uptake, translocation, and homeostasis maintenance in soybean, with a focus on elaborating the regulatory roles of key genes and their upstream transcriptional regulatory networks in the Strategy I iron uptake pathway. Meanwhile, it discusses the specific mechanisms of iron sensing and allocation during symbiotic nitrogen fixation, as well as the latest research progress in this field. Furthermore, the article addresses the bottlenecks in current research, including the mining of soybean-specific regulators, mul-ti-element interaction mechanisms, field response validation, and regulation of iron accumula-tion in seeds. The aim is to provide a theoretical basis for the genetic improvement of high iron efficiency and the enhancement of symbiotic nitrogen fixation capacity in soybean.