Weibull Parameter Estimation Using Empirical and AI Methods: A Wind Energy Assessment in İzmir

This study evaluates the estimation of Weibull distribution parameters (shape, k; scale, c) for wind speed modeling in wind energy potential assessments. Traditional empirical methods—Justus Moment Method (JEM), Power Density Method (PDM), Energy Pattern Factor Method (EPFM), Lysen Moment Method (LAM), and Standard Deviation Empirical Method (SEM)—are compared with advanced artificial intelligence optimization algorithms (AIOAs), including Genetic Algorithm (GA), Gravitational Search Algorithm (GSA), Sine Cosine Algorithm (SCA), Teaching-Learning-Based Optimization (TLBA), Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWA), Red Fox Algorithm (RFA), and Red Panda Optimization Algorithm (RPA). Using hourly wind speed data from Foça, Urla, Karaburun, and Çeşme in Turkey, the analysis demonstrates that AIOAs, particularly GA, GSA, SCA, TLBA, and GWA, outperform empirical methods, achieving low RMSE (0.0071) and high R2 (0.9755). SEM and LAM perform competitively among empirical methods, while PDM and EPFM show higher errors, highlighting their limitations in complex wind speed distributions. The study also conducts a techno-economic analysis, assessing capacity factors, unit energy costs, and payback periods. Foça and Urla are identified as optimal investment sites due to high energy yields and economic efficiency, whereas Çeşme is unviable due to low production and long payback periods. This research provides a robust framework for Weibull parameter estimation, demonstrating AIOAs’ superior accuracy and offering a decision-support tool for sustainable wind energy investments.