Outpatient prescription patterns of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder medications in Tabriz Iran 2021 to 2022

Abstract Background Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder treated primarily with pharmacological interventions. The prescription patterns of these medications vary considerably across regions due to diagnostic practices, physician availability, and cultural factors. Objective This study aimed to examine the demographic characteristics and prescribing patterns of ADHD medications among outpatients in Tabriz, Iran, over a 12-month period. Methods In this descriptive cross-sectional study, prescription data for methylphenidate, atomoxetine, lisdexamfetamine, and modafinil were collected from the Iranian Social Security Organization from March 2021 to March 2022. The data were analyzed based on patient age, sex, physician specialty, and graduation year. Results Out of a population of 920,617 insured individuals, 1% received prescriptions for ADHD medications. The average age of patients was 18.27 years, and two-thirds were male. Psychiatrists accounted for 81.2% of prescriptions. Methylphenidate was the most frequently prescribed medication. Conclusion The ADHD medication prescription rate in Tabriz was lower than international averages, indicating possible underdiagnoses or limited access to treatment. Expanding awareness, screening, and training among non-specialists could improve ADHD management in this region.