Differential Odds of COVID-19 Infection Associated with Household and Workplace Exposures in U.S. Health Care Personnel

Objective To evaluate associations between occupational and non-occupational COVID-19 exposures, household characteristics, and COVID-19 infection risk among health care personnel (HCP). Methods Nested analysis of HCP enrolled in a multisite vaccine effectiveness study. COVID-19 infection was confirmed through source documentation. Exposures and household characteristics were self-reported. Results HCP with household COVID-19 exposure had significantly higher infection odds, while workplace exposure was associated with decreased odds of infection. No associations were observed for community exposures, living with children, or living with unvaccinated household members. Conclusion Household exposure posed greater COVID-19 risk to HCP unlike exposures in the workplace. Combined with demonstrated vaccine effectiveness, these findings suggest that workplace infection control measures were successful, while interventions targeting household transmission may be critical for protecting HCP.