The Fluctuation Pattern of Osteogenic Markers in the Periosteum During Autologous Guided Bone Regeneration

Objective: This study aims to investigate the dynamic expression of osteogenic markers in the periosteum during autologous guided bone regeneration. Material and Methods: On one side, swine ribs were designated as the experimental group, while the contralateral side served as the control group. Following the resection of a rib segment, the periosteum was sutured to form a closed cavity that simulates guided bone regeneration. Periosteum and regenerated bone tissue were collected at 9 distinct time points for gene sequencing. The expression data for each osteogenic marker was extracted for subsequent analysis, and correlations among various markers were assessed. Results: In the experimental group, expressions of ALPL, RUNX2, and SP7 peaked 1 week postoperatively; thereafter, there was a decline in their expression levels from 1 week up to 3 months postoperative before registering a slight increase at 3 months. Conversely, BGLAP expression reached its peak level 3 months after surgery but remained relatively stable with minimal fluctuations following the operation. Significant correlations were found among ALPL, RUNX2, and SP7; however, BGLAP did not show meaningful correlations with these 3 osteogenic markers. Conclusion: This study provides comprehensive insights into the dynamic expression characteristics of osteogenic markers throughout guided bone regeneration processes. The observed differences and fluctuations are most pronounced within the first month postsurgery, underscoring the importance of monitoring molecular expression changes during this critical period. Therefore, ALPL, RUNX2, and SP7 may be more suitable than BGLAP for evaluating efficacious osteogenesis during autologous guided bone regeneration.