Wastage of Health Resources during COVID-19 in Iran: Lessons for Health Policy and Management

Abstract Background: Effective management of health resources during crises, such as pandemics, is crucial for preventing waste and ensuring system efficiency. This study assessed the extent of wastage of COVID-19 vaccines, diagnostic kits, and pharmaceutical products in Iran during the pandemic and examined the implications for health policy. Methods: A descriptive, quantitative design was used, analyzing national-level data from 50 medical universities across Iran between 2021 and 2023. Distribution, utilization, and wastage data were extracted from Ministry of Health databases. A bottom-up costing approach was used to estimate the financial burden of these losses. Results: Of over 145 million COVID-19 vaccine doses distributed, 18.3% were wasted. Additionally, 21.1% of medications and 29.5% of diagnostic kits were discarded due to expiration or non-utilization. Key factors contributing to wastage included poor inventory management, frequent revisions of clinical protocols, and reduced demand in later pandemic stages. Conclusion: The findings highlight structural inefficiencies in health resource management and emphasize the need for reforms, including real-time monitoring systems and improved cross-sectoral coordination to reduce waste and enhance future preparedness.