Bibliometric and Content Analysis on Central Bank Digital Currencies for the Period 2018–2025 and a Policy Model Proposal for Türkiye

This study aims to analyze the development of the Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC) concept and create a design suitable for Turkey’s financial structure. Academic studies scanned in the Web of Science (WOS) database between 2018–2025 were analyzed by bibliometric and content analysis methods. Most of the studies focused on economics, and the most frequently emphasized topics in the 40 studies analyzed in the content analysis were the importance of CBDC design, its effects on the banking sector, and CBDC with interest rates. By analyzing Turkey’s tax revenues, informal economy, and interest rates, we propose an account-based, interest-bearing retail CBDC model that provides individuals with direct access to the Central Bank of the Republic of Türkiye.