A framework-based assessment of climate adaptation readiness in Romanian cities

Cities are increasingly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change, facing challenges such as increasing temperatures, intensified by the urban heat island effect, and extreme weather events. As hubs of socio-economic activity and critical infrastructure, urban areas require effective climate adaptation strategies to enhance resilience and foster sustainable development. Our study evaluates the climate adaptation action and strategic planning of 40 Romanian cities, all county capitals, to assess their compliance with international climate frameworks and preparedness for mitigating the impacts of climate change. The research employs a structured analytical framework to evaluate four key pillars: (i) political will, (ii) alignment with commitments, (iii) adaptation plans, and (iv) implementation ambition. They are assessed through ten specific indicators. The analysis reveals significant disparities: while some cities successfully integrate adaptation strategies into governance, others demonstrate deficiencies in comprehensive planning and the establishment of measurable actions. Key findings underscore the importance of political commitment and active participation in international climate networks as facilitators of adaptation progress. However, inconsistencies in reporting practices and implementation mechanisms remain significant challenges. By addressing existing planning, reporting, and implementation gaps, Romanian cities can align more effectively with national and European Union climate adaptation goals. It will enhance local climate resilience and contribute to broader sustainability and resilience objectives at the regional and international levels.