This study explores the social and psychological factors that shape how Dalit women in Himachal Pradesh experience and pursue empowerment in their daily lives. Specifically, it looks at how perceived stigma, social support, education and political participation influence their socio-economic status and how that, in turn, affect both their economic independence and psychological well-being. Drawing on survey data from 640 Dalit women and analysed using structural equation modelling, the study finds that social support plays the most significant role in improving socio-economic conditions, followed by political engagement and educational attainment. Interestingly, perceived stigma, often considered a barrier, also showed a positive effect, suggesting that the awareness of discrimination may spark resilience and resistance. The findings highlight the importance of strengthening inclusive education, building peer support systems, promoting political participation and addressing caste-based bias in meaningful ways. This study emphasizes that the empowerment of Dalit women is influenced not only by the structural barriers they face but also by their resilience and agency in navigating these challenges.
Monika et al. (Sun,) studied this question.